Dangers of Obesity Awareness

Having excess weight, not the size of one's body healthy. Obesity can be a severe problem because it could be a nest of various diseases. Overweight or obesity may occur due to excess amount of food is assumed by someone.

Obesity is now a problem that arises in the world, even the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it a global epidemic. Prevalence is increasing not only in developed countries but also in developing countries, including Indonesia.

The average woman has more body fat than men. Comparison between the normal-weight body fat is around 25-30% in women and 18-23% in men. Women with a body fat of more than 30% body fat and men with more than 25% are considered obese. Or in other words someone who has a weight 20% higher than the value of the middle range of normal weight, are considered obese.

Obesity is classified into 3 groups:

• Mild obesity: overweight 20-40%
• Obesity is: 41-100% overweight
• Severe obesity: excess weight> 100%.

Severe obesity was found as much as 5% among people who are obese. Someone who is fat much buried in the stomach, is more prone to various health problems associated with obesity. They have a higher risk. pear better picture than the picture of an apple.

Scientifically, obesity is caused by consuming more calories than are required by the body. What is the cause of the imbalance between calorie intake and burning is still unclear.
The occurrence of obesity involves several factors:

1. Genetic factors; Obesity tends to be lowered, so that is thought to have a genetic cause. But family members share not only genes but also diet and lifestyle habits, which can promote obesity. Often difficult to separate the lifestyle factors with genetic factors. Recent research shows that the average genetic factors influence 33% of a person's weight.
2. Environmental factors; gene is an important factor in many cases of obesity, but a person's environment also plays a significant role. This environment includes lifestyle behaviors (eg what to eat and how many times a person eats and how their activities). A person certainly can not change the genetic pattern, but he can change eating habits and activities.
3. Psychological factors; what is in the mind of a person can affect eating habits. Many people reacted to his emotions by eating. One form of emotional distress is a negative self-perception. This disorder is a serious problem in many young women who suffer from obesity, and can cause excessive awareness about obesity and discomfort in social interaction.
4. Health factors; some illnesses can cause obesity, among others; hypothyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, some neurological disorders which can cause a lot of eating. And drugs; certain drugs (such as steroids and some anti-depressants) can cause weight gain.
5. Growth factors; increase the size or number of fat cells (or both) cause increasing amount of fat stored in the body. Obese people, especially the fat in childhood, can have fat cells sampak 5 times more than people of normal weight. The number of fat cells can not be reduced, because the weight loss can only be accomplished by reducing the amount of fat in each cell.
6. Physical activity; lack of physical activity is probably one of the main causes of the increasing incidence of obesity in the midst of an affluent society. People who are inactive need fewer calories. someone who tends to consume foods rich in fat and physical activity are balanced, will be obese.
   Obesity is not only pleasing to the eye but it is a dire health dilemma. Obesity is directly harmful to one's health.

Obesity also increases the risk of some chronic diseases such as:

• Type 2 diabetes (arising in adulthood)
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Stroke
• Heart attack (myocardial infarction
• Heart failure
• Cancer (certain types of cancer, such as prostate cancer and colon cancer)
• Gall bladder stones and bladder stones
• Gout and gouty arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Sleep apnea (failure to breath normally during sleep, leads to reduced oxygen levels in the blood)
• Pickwickian syndrome (obesity accompanied by facial redness, underventilasi and sleepy).

The initial step in treating obesity is estimating body fat and health risk by calculating bmi. Health risks related to obesity will increase in line with increasing numbers bmi:

• Low risk: bmi <27
• Intermediate risk: bmi 27-30
• High risk: bmi 30-35
• The risk is very high: 35-40 bmi
• The risk is very high: bmi of 40 or more.
  The type and severity of exercise, and calorie restriction on each patient is different and medication is adjusted to the circumstances of the patient. Patients with low health risks, the diet was (1200-1500 calories / day for women, 1400-2000 calories / day for men), accompanied by exercise
  patients with secondary health risks, low-calorie diet (800-1200 calories / day for women, 1000-1400 calories / day for men) along with sports people with high health risk or very high, get an anti-obesity drug with a low calorie diet and sports.

Chances of long-term weight loss are successful will be higher if a doctor working in a professional team involving dieticians, psychologists and exercise specialists. This team will assist the patient to:

• Achieving a permanent lifestyle change
• Monitor patient progress
• Provide positive support and encouragement
• Find and help reduce sources of stress
• Prevent recurrence.

Meanwhile, for drugs, there are 2 main types of drugs used to treat obesity:

• drugs that reduce appetite, for example fenfluramine, deksfenfluramin, fentermin.
• drugs that block the absorption of nutrients from the gut, for example, orlistat (blocking the absorption of fat in the intestine).
  Awareness of the dangers of obesity is still low. Most people do not even realize they are suffering from obesity and normal weight think. This certainly should not be ignored because obesity is a source of various diseases such as stroke, diabetes, heart disease, and respiratory disorders.